[00:00:00] :  on air. This this this show is brought to you by safety FM. Welcome to Safety Wars Live for thursday october 13th 2022. Welcome to the show. We're broadcasting from Clarkstown new york and the border of liberty and prosperity and the highway to the north. I hope everybody had a good thursday this year is just flying by in case you don't know. My name is Jim Postal, your dedicated host of these airways. What is safety words? Live? Safety words Live is a weeknight program monday through friday. We're on the air. And what do we do? We talk about safety in the news and environmental issues in the news and everything that has to do with the in between them. We follow up with the markets at the end of the day, we try to get ahead of everybody else. And we also discussed one safety topic. Unfortunately last night our topic on permit required confined spaces was very prescient because there was some stuff coming out of OSHA on permit required confined spaces on one specific one where someone passed away and that confined space is one of the big ones for discussion. So we're gonna go delving back into uh confined spaces because there's a lot of debate as to what the confined space or not in some weird things. And this is actually, I'm going to be following this situation when we talk about it because this is going to be one of those things that may change the industry a little bit and what we're calling a permit required confined space. So we are on broadcasting live on safety FM dot com monday through friday eight p.m. To nine p.m. Eastern Standard Time. Just to give you a little bit of a programming alert on monday. I will likely not be broadcasting on monday night. We have uh a meeting that I normally go to on monday third monday of every month. Uh some of safety related, some of it is not. So uh we might be reporting back from the meeting at one point on Tuesday now we're going to go off to the news. Wildlife populations plunged 69% since 1970, according to the World Wildlife Fund. WWF. Wildlife populations are monitored, animal species. This doesn't mean that there are unmonitored ones that have have plummeted nearly 70% of last 50 years according to the World Wildlife Uh Foundation. They basically went through 32,000 populations of more than 5000 species of animal mammals, birds, Amphibians, reptiles, and fish. And notice that everything is going down and areas like Latin, American, Caribbean, which are heavy duty into biodiversity because those are some of the last areas touched in the world. The figure for animal population losses as high as 94%,, basically. What does it mean for us. So in the environmental uh industry or movement, whatever we're gonna call it, there is a philosophy here with uh biodiversity and biodiversity means health or an ecosystem. There are more uh no resources, mean things being more diverse, diverse means it's not only aesthetically pleasing or anything like that, but there are, that means that you have a lot of resources and similar to mineral resources where you use up all the mineral resources of one type, There is one type, there are usually some type, There's repercussions, same thing with biodiversity where there are untold. A lot of our medications come originally from plants and some some animals, weird things like that. So it's a big thing. So even, let's say the horseshoe crab, let's take it. And I know one of our listeners is a researcher and horseshoe crabs and it's one of her passions. Horseshoe crab blood is used for medical testing. Yes, horseshoe crabs, Yes. And when the population of horseshoe crabs, those damn, we're not gonna be able to do certain types of medical testing. So biodiversity is pretty important here. Follow up on a story from yesterday there, as we recall, there was a druzhba oil pipeline that was leaking in Poland and there were allegations of, by certain politicians that this was sabotage in relation to the Ukrainian war. It turns out that they've done a little bit more investigation. Like I said, uh, like I said yesterday, stuff has to be investigated before we start going off half cocked here and uh, basically half cocked and making all different allegations, especially when we have people threatening nuclear war. And it turns out that according to, uh, reports published reports that it seems to be lack of maintenance of some sort or something else that's not related to 3rd party sabotage. Well, they should probably continue to uh, investigate this and stop yelling and screaming. Then sabotage. Runner may not be sabotage. Things leak all the time. Doesn't mean that there's sabotage. That's why you got to do investigations. Story coming out of Ireland here a journal and I'm having problems figuring out what journal this is the, the uh, study primary author is Susan Byrne and several other authors, uh, and something called the Coral study Group. So it comes down to this mass lockdowns. Right. And the cohort of babies born during those uh, lockdowns related to Covid, uh, miss the opportunity of meeting a normal social circle of people outside the family home. And this has led the social isolation has impacted social communication skills and babies born during the pandemic compared with previous cohorts. Pretty important here, What they're hoping is is that no babies are very resilient and they're going to be able to go and adapt adapt to this over their lifetimes. I don't know, uh, take it from someone who was very socially isolated in those years with my uh, birth defect palette, it's a little bit hard to catch up on a lot of these social things. Even today, I miss on social cues and things of that nature. Thank God, I have a very understanding wife for that matter. So a Slovakian company working that's working on developing a flying car, took a big step over this past week because their prototype successfully completed an inner city test flight. It's been known as the air car, which basically what the idea is is that this car would be marketed and you would not know as I've been following this since I was a child. One of the things is that, well, rather it would be, uh, almost like the Jetsons, by the way, George Jetson was born this year, by the way, according to the cartoon at least, and where you would actually be able to take a car and fly it from location to location. You would be very little need for highways, roadways, anything like that. This, one of the company's that's doing, it's not this company here. Uh, but they're one of the company's doing, it would be like, has the idea of using it over water. So you would be like a old fashioned, uh, airboat, you'd be able to take off on the water, then land wherever you need to land, dock and get off. And basically, that's, uh, what the idea is, is that you would take off somewhere from an airfield and it would end up landing and another airfield. You fold up the wings and you drive to wherever you need to go. It's a novel concept. What I'm, what basically they're saying with this air car is no longer just a proof of concept. It's actually coming into some type of reality. My question is this, we have a big move here, whether you agree with it or not. Uh, with a push towards electric vehicles. So I don't know if this is how this is gonna work because aircraft use run on gasoline. They're trying to develop electric aircraft that are commercially viable. I don't know how that's going to impact things and I don't know, I, I don't know how where this is going. They've been trying this for way over 50, 60 years here one day. Will it be a reality? I don't know. I guess you're gonna need somebody like an Elon must to take this whole thing there uh, take the bull by the horns and get it moving. Astronomers studying the after effects of Nasa's recent tests of a planetary defense system, have determined that the mission was a smashing success as a management significantly off alter the movement of an asteroid. So Nasa a couple of weeks ago. Right. They, uh, this thing has been in development for years. They smashed an asteroid and the asteroids name is Dai Amorphous. Right? Hoping that impacting this is going to, and this asteroid is relatively small, about 560 ft or to be disrupted in the orbit. My question is this, did they disrupt the orbit and now we're gonna have a problem with this thing running into us. I don't know along with all the other problems. That's a good question with this where they consider it a success. Wall Street Journal today. Let's get the numbers here. So dow jones industrial is up today. Closed up 30,030 and it's back up above 30,000. That's the P 536 69 91. NASDAQ is up 10,049 910.15 Russell 2000 17 28 41. The 10 year treasury is trading at uh, 3.968. That's down. Bitcoin is down in 19 3 61 crude oil came slightly down to 88.97. Moving on to the precious metal markets, Gold is at 1673. It's down slightly, silver down slightly 1911, platinum is up 19.18 and palladium is down 2.149 50. I don't know. Here's my question here. Long term investment. I'm always told that again, I'm not an investment provider, that, uh, investment guy here, I'm not, you know, I'm just asking a question. I'm not making a recommendation. I was always told don't invest in platinum because eventually the price is gonna fall. And those predictions turned out to be correct back in from the early 2000s, my question is this, we're getting reports every day on plan on catalytic converter thefts from cars. So catalytic converters are in large part platinum. I'll have to have platinum balls on and people are stealing them from like parked cars. So it's like you go up in the morning, get up in the morning, go out to your car to start it up to go to work and guess what? There's no freaking exhaust system. I don't imagine wake up all the neighbors and everything. Is that impacting the price of platinum because you know, why didn't we see this many years ago when platinum was over on 18 or $1900? We didn't hear no, we every once in a while you'd hear about that. But why is this now stealing the people that desperate for money or you know, some people just figured this, that I don't know, that's always been a question. We're going to take a break and we will be back after the break in the professional safety community communication and planning are just a few keys to your program success. The question many practitioners have is where do I start dr J Allen, the creator of the safety FM platform and host of the rated R safety show has built a global foundation to help you along the way, go to safety FM dot com and listen to some of the industry's best and most involved professionals including Blaine Hoffman with the safety pro Sam Goodman with the hop nerd Sheldon Primus with the safety consultant Jim proposal with safety wars Emily L Rod with unapologetically bold and many others as individuals, we can do great things but as a team, we become amazing dial into safety FM dot com today and surround yourself with a powerful force of knowledge and support. Safety wars are streaming now. Mm dot com. And we are back, We're going to start now with our OSHA stuff right off of Where am I? Where am I getting this information on OSHA? So usually once or twice a week I go into the ocean news release region and they like, we're gonna be reading from uh, region for news and I'm gonna be commenting on some of this stuff here on What, what the news releases are, what's out there in the whole safety in the news. So this is from Chicago right? Region five Chicago. Power construction receives star level designation for Exemplary workplace safety and health programs, employing interactive online reporting tools, virtual job planning sites and new employee orientations for the commitment to safety or some of the hallmarks of the power construction company. Hold on here, hold on. Power construction companies, innovative health and safety approach. All right, That's good. Uh, in recognition of its efforts, OSHA has designated Chicago based company's star mobile workforce voluntary protection program. The highest safety achievement earned in OSHA's voluntary protection program. Let's go out there and I'm sorry about the wrong button, but let's give them a round of applause. So that's gonna, we always like to hear people making V. P. P status here and it's a good thing. Uh, it's for whatever reason that's not as popular as it often was. Uh in the past a lot of companies again with the way the political climate is in the United States nowadays don't want the government in any of their business. No I don't know. This is usually a really good program. I don't know understand really that thinking. But this is a good thing to promote this uh With this especially with everything else that's going on as far as safety is concerned and a lot of the violations. I see out there doing the safety audits and doing what I do. It's nice to see somebody who's actually pursuing safety in a voluntary way. We're not we're not going to go uh and have to badger people. The V. P. P. Promotes effective work hard work. Site based safety and health program commits management employees and OSHA representatives to enact a comprehensive safety and health management system. V. V. B. Designation as oceans. Official records Ignatius recognition of outstanding efforts by employers and employees to ensure occupational safety and health. Next story. U. S. Department of Labor. And I'm not gonna mention the name of the company here. Uh sites florida company for numerous safety failures after investigation on how a 22 year old diver working in a canal drowned. This actually I don't know how common it is but I could see especially in the diving industry. I do have some experience not with diving or as a dive supervisor, but working on projects with a diving element on there. I can see where some of the stuff could happen, right? Uh with everything. So Working at the bottom of a canal on April four 2022. And again, uh this is six months after the fact a young diver was removing Sam with an industrial vacuum to restore an embankment project, one sentiment above him collapsed onto him, leaving the 22 year old worker trapped until he drowned. Horrible. So this is more or less like an underwater excavation. Uh is what I'm looking at here. Uh and it's with hyper saturated soil. So obviously this would be a problem though, obvious now to us, this would be prone to some type of excavation collapse. That's how I would treat this. So what were some of the violations? They sound like they're all general duty uh violations of some sort. And there uh there's a proposed to willful and 10 serious violations because from what I understand what the dive, I've read the uh regulation, there's really not a lot in here for divers. I'm going to go right now. If you'll forgive me, let me go to OSHA dot Gov and standards Alright. Laws and regulations. Uh and this will probably be construction, I would define that and we have where the sort of edit find and it will be diving. So we're looking at subpart y here in 1926. Subpart y And what do we have, 1926, Nothing. No health definitions, nothing in here. They say go to the 1910.402. So they're identical 1910 402. And this one qualifications go to 1910 402 for 4 20. I mean, so we're gonna go on over to 1910 4 20. And you're looking what I'm seeing here is that you have to have procedures uh, in here, Pardon me? I know that every time. So 1910 7 party and okay, they're more extensive than I thought, but they're very basic procedures for diving with the OSHA stuff. Right? Failing to train divers and dive related physics and physiology, not training dive teams on equipment reuse, not ensuring that all dive team members are CpR trained. That's a big one. That is actually a very common one, especially in the construction arena, where they do not train people on first aid CpR. So, OSHA has a requirement for first Aid and CPR training and a response within 3 to 4 minutes. A medical response when it's appropriate. And this fulfills that First Aid CPR training, which by the way we do Here, that's actually one of our most commonly requested classes for 2022. So failing to require that you are an experienced dive team members. Supervise dredging operators. The canal with zero visibility, failing to have an emergency aid list at the jobs at the work site, performing underwater dredging in the canal without a standby diver not providing employees with a harness capable of distributing full forces over diverse bodies. All of this is pretty oh, this is very uh common. I mean, I've seen this on the dive jobs. I've been on. What I've heard about where they're actually having to go and you have to badger the companies and everything. My question is this who are the people okay? The company did this, but who are the oversight people? It's not like you're going to just go out and say, let's go out and dredge some stuff here. And is the oversight company doing this? Uh, is that company doing their job? Is the government agency that's paying for this, doing their job of oversight. Do they know what they're looking at? That's always my question on that. Yeah, the company did all this, but somewhere in the system there was a failure and we're all about systems here was a failure that allowed all this stuff going on here. My question is, who was that? And with that, What agency, What company, What do you see? Who was in there now? I'm gonna say this. Everyone thing. Everyone is innocent until proven guilty. Number one. Number two, all this stuff could get negotiated down right now, it's $46,409 in penalties. And that seems pretty low here often. What happens is in these situations, OSHA often not all the time, but in my experience, they'll give a de Minimus fine here for this because what's gonna happen here is this is probably gonna be negotiated down or it's gonna be fought in court and they wanted to de Minimus fine here so they could get an admission of guilt And it kept us with a lawsuit of some sort soften with this. So uh, that may be what's going on here, I'm not sure. But it seems pretty low to me. $46,409 in penalties. My opinion. My professional opinion and opinions are like noses. Everyone has one and they all smell except for one family member of mine. He has no sense of smell and you know who you are. Uh, I don't know. It's like this. You have to do the assessment and make sure the job is set up properly. It's very frustrating to me for you reading this. I will be sending this out to a client in due course. Now, back to what I tell you. Let's uh take a little break here because we're gonna, this is gonna be a longer discussion that we're going to have is your safety training, old stale and Hackney is your safety trainer still preaching a warped version of behavior based safety. How about safety training that actually addresses your hat hazards in your workplace is and it's not standardized bologna from 25 years ago. Contact the safety ward's team at safety words dot com or call jim postal at 845 to 69577. To remember if you're receiving this message, you are the solution to unsafe workplaces. So just to uh act that up, we've gotten a lot of interest in our company and because this podcast, I wanna, we're live broadcast now which is uploaded to the safety wars podcasting platform, which is available, I'm told in 32 countries plus Poland hold in the country, I get it. But uh primarily across the U K. And north America and we're thank you for listening. We really appreciate it. If you're interested in working with us, please give us a call 845 to 6957272 or contact me at jim at safety words dot com. We'll set up an appointment, a consultation with you uh remotely and then we'll figure out if you have a need for what we do, we do everything here. We do safety training. We're social outreach trainers in all four disciplines, General industry construction, maritime and Disaster response worker. We also uh, today I was doing a fall protection confident person training class. We're having a duty into that. So that's one of our major requests and also first Aid cpr uh type stuff. We do a lot of that here. Like I said, it's the most common thing here. Anything that you need to do will probably do the training on and I'm not begging here. I'm just saying no, this is what we do. So this is out of savannah Georgia. Again, it's right from the ocean website and it is related to what we were talking about last night with the, with a permit required confined spaces. So there's always a question and I back in the day, we always used to get this question. I don't get it too often anymore is a crawl space. A permit required confined space. And I always give the consultant answer. What's the consultant answer? What do you what do you think that is? The consultant answer is maybe, maybe not. We have to go, we have to look and see what exactly we are dealing with here before we're going to make a determination whether something is a permit required confined space or not. Another area that people as whole notices a permit required confined space. And that is the uh addicts are addicts permit required confined spaces. And I always give the consultant answer. Maybe, maybe not. It all depends on what you're doing. So, this case here. This is probably gonna be one that's going to be one to follow here because this is actually what the uh, this is actually what the I'm doing two things at one time here. The that might settle some of this debate here. So a federal workplace safety investigation and how an employee suffered a fatal electrocution while digging a shallow drainage trench under home has found that a savannah crawlspace remediation company might have prevented the incident. My following required safety standards. Well, yeah, that's what they say on all this stuff. All right. OSHA determined that a 32 year old lead repair technician employed by a company came into contact with an electrical line in april as they installed a trainer remove accumulating water. OSHA cited the company and again, it's their innocent till proven guilty and things got negotiated down and, you know, settled. So this is the initial may not mean anything May for not making sure to de energize electrical lines or for allowing employees to work and dig within the danger zone which exposed workers to electrical shock hazards. The company also failed to train employees to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions. Did not provide personal protective equipment for working in a confined space and failed to identify all permit required confined spaces and has proposed 31,000 and change in penalties. Okay, so what's the, uh, right. So you could do a little bit of a deep dive here into this, meaning you in today's age, uh, today's time is you click twice and you come up with uh, the actual citation notice. So what are we looking here? We have, uh, do what I do The employer. This is they're considering this construction. So we talked about to permit construction, confined spaces last night. So how do you know you're in the construction Uh area. The 1926 regulations is that you have to go and look at what the definition of construction is and the definition of construction is hold on, I'll let me get this out right here. Sorry, I don't have this up front. But this is like stream of consciousness often. So construction is defined as construction demolition, right? Painting and decorating as essentially what of construction is defined as in this case they're excavating. Excavating almost always is construction. Plus they're installing something in there, they're not maintaining it. So this is construction. So the employee, this is 1926.21. The employee b to the employer did not instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and regulations applicable to his work, meaning that these guys likely according to OSHA at least did not training employees on anything electrical shock hazards or anything like that. I didn't do it according to OSHA. So that was a uh, serious violation citation. Number two is also serious employees are not protected by protective helmets. Okay, so hard hats of some sort, right? And in danger from a head injury from impact, falling or flying objects are from electrical shocks and burns. In this case, the person was electrocuted. So might have to do no hard hat, No electrical hard hat or no hard hat. What's something else you can do here? You can also de energize. You're de energized, there's no chance of electrical shock and lock out tag out on that. Also, depending on how the configuration is. Can you remove some of these head hazards? Remember the hierarchy of controls? This could have probably prevented this situation from happening. That was serious. Number three. And also serious working in proximity to electric power circuits were not protected from electric shock by de energizing or in grounding of the circuit. This is what we found, what I just mentioned number four. Another serious one, employer did not and this is 1926 12 03. This is permit required confined spaces for construction Before I began work at a work site. The employer did not ensure that in a confident person identified all the confined spaces. Now, as part of the fall protection training today that I did was for a confident person fall protection training. And we went over what the responsibilities of a confident person are. And in their regulations 1926, all job sites and construction have to be inspected regularly by a confident person and what's a confident person, Someone who's able to assess the hazards and also correct the hazards. And that's all we've had that discussion on this program numerous times on what exactly that is, where you have to uh you have to have both. So you have to be able to assess the hazard. How do we do it either by uh education experience training, anything like that. Where you're able to assess the things, preferably all three, but not necessarily all three, you could have just very knowledgeable people who are able to assess this that never saw the inside of a classroom. That is possible. I met people like that. And there are a lot of times, those are the people you want working for, you, people who know depending what the situation is. Uh and then you have to have the authority to correct things. So Under the can permit required confined ST century, standard 1203 29 CFR 1926, you have to have a confident person assess what the hazards are. This company allegedly did not do that was serious. Another is another serious one, right? The workplace contain one or more permits spaces. Now, let's review real quick here. What? So you can have a confined space, confined space is easy to uh defined, right large enough. And configure an employee can bottle the enter of reform and assigned job task as limited restricted means for entry lives it, it's not designed for continuous human occupancy, that's confined space. What is a confined space? And what happens? You just gotta work safely assess your hazards and everything else for the confined space. Now, let's say that you have what's a permit required confined space? A permit required confined space has something else going on here. A hazardous atmosphere engulfing materials, conversion walls or some type of other safety hazard that was associated with a permit required confined space in this case, this would be other meaning electrical. Okay, that's important. That's what it turned out to be. But you don't want to use your employee as an indicator of an unsafe condition. Getting killed your Another one item. No five. The employer did not provide training under the permit required confined space. Wow. We, by the way, we supply that. Right. So the employee then the employee or did not ensure that the employee possessed the understanding knowledge and skills necessary the safe performance of duties assigned under the standard. Right. So these were 123456 serious issues going on here with this. And according to the paperwork, let me make sure we have nothing on there. So, again, permit required confined spaces. Something that you really need to watch out for and something that No. So where do we get this? Uh, where do we get this stuff from nowhere? What, what's my point? Part of this is for the worker, you're the supervisor who listens to this program, primarily, supervisors, primarily safety professionals, people in management and everything else. All right with this. Now, let's talk about this. What I'm hoping is that okay? You're in the safety industry, you're a manager, your supervisor, what have you? You recognize that? Hey, this is something that we may need, especially now with a crawl space, which not your traditional confined spaces, not a tank. It's not a sewer. It's not this not successful. Nothing like this is an actual crawl space. And OSHA considered this a permit required confined space. So if that question comes up in your workplace is a crawlspace to permit required confined space. Yeah. According to these people, it is. And according to this incident, it was recognized as one, wow, Well, that's probably really a, a big thing here. Let's say that your spouse or family member or a friend is involved in this type of work. Hmm, Okay, they're going into crawl spaces. Maybe you want to go back and you want to say to your loved one, your friend, whoever it is, maybe, you know, hey, this might have might, is this what you deal with? It's worth the conversation with an and ask questions. We have this situation happen all the time with, with my family members. When I was doing field work in the environmental field, high profile, uh, situations. Well, hey, we saw on the news, X, y and z. Are, you know, are you obeying the laws? Are you obeying the rules, getting phone calls from extended family members? That's something that you really need to do. I think that's one of the reasons why we're here, we're fighting that safety war. We're all together, fighting that safety war. We're gonna go to a break right now. Do do, do, let's you are listening to safety wars. Tomorrow's safety today in the professional safety community communication and planning are just a few keys to your program success. The question many practitioners have is where do I start Dr J Allen, the creator of the safety FM platform and host of the race. Our safety show has built a global foundation to help you along the way. Go to safety FM dot com and listen to some of the industry's best and most involved professionals, including Blaine Hoffman with the safety pro Sam Goodman with the hop nerd Sheldon Primus with the safety consultant Jim proposal with safety wars, Emily, L Rod with unapologetically bold and many others. As India individuals, we can do great things. But as a team, we become amazing, dial into safety FM dot com today and surround yourself with a powerful force of knowledge and support. Okay, we are back with safety wars live, we're talking about permit required confined spaces. Something when you hindsight something you really need to consider. What often happens with these things and people say, hey, I'm only gonna go to that space for a minute. I don't have to worry about it. Well, that's usually when people have issues out there with this. So what are we gonna talk about? Let's talk about dangerous atmospheres in a confined space. So you're a confident person, you're doing whatever you're doing whatever kind of work you identify it as a permit required confined space. and you say, hey, uh, it's permit required confined space, it's not in the maritime field, it's not a ship. It's something else. What are some of the common atmospheric hazards that you're going to see in a permit required confined space? And there are all usually right on the regulation, there's a couple of them right off the bat. And from, because prior experience that are standard, Number one, the number one thing you have to worry about is oxygen deficiency. What what's the issue with oxygen deficiency? If you have an oxygen deficient atmosphere, oxygen is the elixir of life and without oxygen you cannot breathe and you can not do anything and eventually it will lead to your death. So Little oxygen is 20.9%. Right. Uh, that sort of this or 209,000 parts per million. OSHA, Hold on. Right. So OSHA, essentially, uh, anything less than 19.5% is considered low oxygen. And it's the percentage. So you can even go from different altitudes and the percentage is generally are the same because you can say, well, what, what difference does that make hierarchy? No higher altitude, Less air air is thinner, Less dense. But it's still, the percentages are still there and once you start to get to 10 to 19% and it's an increasing part of this, right? 10 to 19.5%. Were 395,000 Right now you have an increased breathing rate, accelerated heartbeat, impaired thinking and coordination. If it starts to get down that low. Other things you have blue lips you have tonight, it's ringing other years. This is why it's important for that confined space century attending to monitor the space and monitor exactly what's going on between 10-19%. So you can observe what people are doing. So once you start to get so this is what happens. You go out there with the air monitoring equipment and 20.9% your great. Once you start to get below 19.5% of what could cause that, right, let's say you're in this space and it starts going low, just you exhaling or the job activities or maybe you're doing some type of activity in there, could displace the oxygen could happen more commonly. Before you even go into that space, you're supposed to air monitor space and you're gonna do oxygen lower explosive limit. Typically, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide. Those are the four. So with all this stuff here with the, once you start to get under 19.5% and you get some companies out there 19% you're good. You know, there wiggle room on here and everything else, you have increasing illnesses and that's what you're hearing. It's illegal and it's wrong. Once you start to get into 10, chances are one breath and you're gonna probably pass out automatically. That's what it comes down to. Once you get to 6 to 10% nausea, vomiting, lethargy leading to unconsciousness, unconsciousness. My experience happens room at an instant And less than 6% convulsions and the decision of breathing cardiac arrest, less than 6%. Company. All different types of reasons why you can have low oxygen in there. But what the point is, it's got to be monitored and back in the day when we did not have combined monitors. So now you have a three gas when we were, when we got three gas monitors. Holy crap! Where we happy now we don't have to carry around three m. But basically without oxygen, that meter does not work because a lot of these meters work on combustibility. So without oxygen, guess what, meters do not work. And you're gonna say, well, that means no L E L. No. See, Oh no, my understanding. No ceo if I'm wrong, please correct. You know, H two S everything is not going to be reading, right? So oxygen is the most important. The next one is uh, well, let's go back to oxygen. Let's say that you have too much oxygen. So, I was reading an article last week that in the past we're talking eons ago was like the dinosaurs, You have millions of years ago, the oxygen concentration of the Earth was actually much higher. It was, they think up to about 28%. That also presents a hazard. So for a long time ozone generators used to be very popular in homes. There were a couple of companies out there selling them. And where you put actual ozone meaning 03, not 02, like in the air into the atmosphere and it would be used as a deodorizer and everything else. But the company always said, don't really put this on if you're gonna be in the room, right. That was one of the things, okay, neither here or there. We're not going to debate this. And what happens is you would get a shortness of breath, chest pain and everything else just from that, right? Even from the exposure to ozone and you have a higher oxygen content. And a similar thing happens with in this case with an oxygen enriched atmosphere 28 a half percent. I'm told that the human body cannot survive that. And so back here with the dinosaurs and things like that all those millions of years ago and everything hundreds of millions of years ago, chances are, we would not be living that long if we were able to transport into time and go back. Their oxygen levels are too high. The other thing is this the it promotes a second condition that we have, which is fire. So we remember the four parts of used to be fire triangle and then it became the tetrahedron where the fire triangle, you have oxygen you have or an oxidizer to be more in the air oxygen but not necessarily. So type of oxidizer. A fuel and some type of energy, meaning some type of an ignition source in there. It could be if you're dealing with a shock sensitive item and you it's shock sensitive and you drop it, it hits the floor, what do you think happens now? That's enough energy where you can set off the explosion with that or set off a reaction as they got on with things. And it's a very interesting history I'm not going to go into but as they progress and fire science progress, they came out with what's called the fire tetrahedron where you have 1/4 part of the this model here. So tetrahedron, pyramid sort of think of it and that is a chemical reaction where free radicals are able to react. And as this becomes a self sustained reaction, a self igniting thing and it's you have a fire. Alright, so you add more oxygen or more of an oxidizer into the system. Now you're going to be more likely to have a fire. And the second thing you're gonna monitor for by law versus oxygen is lower explosive limit or lower flammability range. So for example, you have the L. E. L. Of carbon monoxide or it can be let's L. E. L. Of gasoline let's say. Alright, so we got our book out here. Okay, the LDL of uh flammable gasses and vapors. So For gasoline, let's see here I have the book at gasoline. The concentration is 1.2. So, and U. N. L. E. L. Is 1.2. That's a lower explosive limit. So that means have a list of parts per million on there. That is 12,000 roughly. Don't quote me on this. Different sources have different. So once you get above 12,000 parts per million for oxygen, 1.2 uh concentration. Now you're in the flammable range. If you keep on adding more and more gasoline vapor here into the system then And you reach 7.1 or 70%, which is 71,000 parts per million. Right? So from 1.22, uh from 12,000 to 71,000, that is called the flammable range. Once you get above that 71,000 in our example here, you can have a fire because now you're running what's called, what we used to call with carver, there's running too rich. There's not enough oxygen in the air displaces the oxygen in the air. There's not enough oxygen, there's too much fuel. Therefore you cannot have a fire. So 1.2 to 7.1. Now, what the what the common practices and the regular is with L. E. L. S is once you get above 10% of this flammable range then Uh which will be 1200 parts per million for gasoline then you have to stop work. That's a prohibited condition. Why do they put in a 1 to 10 safety margin on here? Why? Because the next thing I'm gonna tell you most of the time, this equipment ain't freaking calibrated, meaning it's not even gone through a functional test bump test or anything. Companies don't like doing this. Now it's a little bit easier because now you got to fancy docking stations and everything to do uh, calibration and everything with it. But often companies don't do that. Number one and number two, they're only uh, calibrated with one type of gas, hefty hexane, even uh, things like that and different things are going to react differently with the gas and everything else. Different types of gasses. So they put in a big safety margin here. So, and then you have carbon monoxide is another one where H two S. Those are usually come H two S. Is from rotting organic matter, C. O. Or carbon monoxide, not dioxide monoxide is from usually some type of engine exhaust. All of this stuff has to be recorded. So, if you're the confined space entry attendant, and this is nowhere near this program is nowhere near a comprehensive confined space entry class, you have to sit there and you have to record this stuff you say, well, no, we don't have to record anything. It's all in the data logger. Okay, now, here's the question, how many people are actually out there data logging this stuff and have the ability to read the data logger on the machine. I want to tell you not too many in my experience, this is why you need to go and physically record things on a piece of paper and then have the backup being in a data logger. The reason being is this the attendance often turn the equipment off. The attendance often don't look at that equipment, they're relying on data logger and the equipment goes dead battery issues and they may be allowed environment and you can't hear that alarm going off. All those things are very very dangerous situations. So you need to go over there and you actually have to go out and record the data calibration, calibrating things before shift and then doing a functional test after the shift. So this way, you know it's working and then afterwards, you know it worked very important, everything logged in on a calibration log, if you are okay, now let's bust the balls. If they have balls right, it could be a female bus, the balls of the confined space entry attendant, you have a confined space century attendant, you wanna cause them a problem. Ask them how to do the air monitoring, ask them if it's calibrated, ask them where the readings are, all that stuff in there because often that's where companies fail and if you're the entrant in there, you wanna make damn sure that the attendant is doing what they're supposed to be doing. Bottom line is what has to happen. And then now the question is, well, jim do you really do that? Yeah, I always do it. And by the way the attendant should know what those readings mean. So that's not reading things and say oh we're going to read things, look at us, blah blah blah blah blah, know what do those mean? What does it mean to have an oxygen deficient atmosphere? Because I tell you what, if I'm an auditor, I'm gonna ask those questions. If something happens right, someone dies. No, God forbid. What's the investigators are gonna ask for? They're gonna ask for the air monitoring data and everything else. And they're gonna ask, well, do you know what this means of the intendant? I don't think you want to be an intendant with that type of uh an attendant that has to answer those questions and not know the answers. No, the correct answers. So it's very important that you get a responsible person to, the attendant needs to be there, attendant has to have backbone preventing people from going into the uh permit required confined space and everything else. So if you want to permit required confined space entry class or we go into everything with it, give us a call 845 to 695772 or gym at safety words dot com. We've been doing this basically I've been doing this training since about 1993 and I managed hundreds if not thousands of permit required confined spaces at this point in the oil industry and construction industry. And what's the point? We're finding that safety war, we don't have to be yelling and screaming. We're trying to work together for a safer work environment. We're trying to get along with people. We're just trying to give some type of leadership being that point person in your organization, in your community with permit required confined spaces and all other safety issues. And the bottom line is, we're all in this together folks. Give us a call, send us a message, whatever have you and that's what we have for tonight and good night folks. The views and opinions expressed on this podcast are those of the host and its guests and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the company. Examples of analysis discussed within this podcast are only examples. It should not be utilized in the real world as the only solution available as they are based only on very limited and dated open source information, assumptions made within this analysis are not reflective of the position of the company. No part of this podcast may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical electronic recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the creator of the podcast. J Allen remember to join us tomorrow for a fall protection friday